In this broad and provocative collection of original essays on artificial intelligence today, eighteen distinguished scholars set out to explain why and how certain discoveries about the human brain have or have not been used by the AI community, and whether the AI endeavor has increased out, understanding of human cognition. Their exploration focuses on the many controversies and debates that continue to vitalize the field.Contributors include Jack D. Cowan, Daniel C. Dennett, Hubert L. Dreyfus, Stuart E. Dreyfus, Gerald M. Edelman, W. Daniel Hillis, Anya Hurlbert, John McCarthy, Pamela McCorduck, Seymour Papert, Tomaso Poggio, Hilary Putnam, George N. Reeke Jr, Jacob T. Schwartz, David H. Sharp, Robert Sokolowski, Sherry Turkle, and David L. Waltz.